Inorganic chemistry involving free radicals in aqueous solutions can be important in environmental processes. A common free radical reaction in aqueous solution is electron transfer, especially to the hydroxyl radical and to ozone. Hydrogen peroxide and free radicals related to it act as weak acids, so both their neutral and deprotonated forms must be considered in reactions. In Advanced Oxidation Processes, the hydroxyl radical concentration in water is greatly increased by reactions involving ozone and/or ultraviolet light. Irradiation of solid titanium dioxide can also be used to generate the radicals. The hydroxyl radicals are used in the Processes to initiate the oxidation of dissolved organic pollutants. Free radical reactions also play an important role in the chemistry of water droplets suspended in air in clouds and fogs. The radicals arise indirectly from the photoionization of dissolved organic compounds such as aldehydes and from the iron-catalyzed decomposition of dissolved hydrogen peroxide. They oxidize dissolved sulfur dioxide and certain organic compounds.
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