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  Home > JCE Print > Journal of Chemical Education > Issues > 1998  > August  >
Chemistry Everyday for Everyone
Applications and Analogies
Orbital Models Made of Plastic Soda Bottles
Vyacheslav V. Samoshin
Lomonosov Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, Moscow 117571, Russia
Cover
August 1998
Vol. 75 No. 8
p. 985
Abstract
The models for demonstration of shape and direction of atomic and molecular orbitals, their overlaps, interactions, and hybridizations may be easily constructed from plastic soda bottles. For such models one may attach the screw caps to the faces of wooden or plastic tetrahedrons, trigonal prisms, or cubes (by screws, glue, wire). When the bottles are screwed into the lids, the models of sp3, sp2, or sp hybridized atoms are obtained. The orbital overlap leading to s bond formation is imitated by insertion of a smaller bottle into a larger one with the bottom cut off. Rubber or plastic rings put on pairs of "p orbitals" mimic pi bond formations.

See Letter re: this article.
More Information
*  Citation
 Samoshin, Vyacheslav V. J. Chem. Educ. 1998 75 985.
*  Keywords
 Demonstrations, Teaching/Learning Aids, Molecular Modeling/Dynamics
*  History
 Created:
Last Updated:		 June 22, 1999
June 23, 2005
Link to Letter added (May 2004).
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