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  Home > JCE Print > Journal of Chemical Education > Issues > 2007  > March  >
In the Laboratory
Secondary School Chemistry
Discovering the Thermodynamics of Simultaneous Equilibria. An Entropy Analysis Activity Involving Consecutive Equilibria
Thomas H. Bindel
Pomona High School, Arvada, CO 80005-2515
Cover
March 2007
Vol. 84 No. 3
p. 449

Abstract
An activity is presented in which the thermodynamics of simultaneous, consecutive equilibria are explored. The activity is appropriate for second-year high school or AP chemistry. Students discover that a reactant-favored (entropy-diminishing or endergonic) reaction can be caused to happen if it is coupled with a product-favored reaction of sufficient entropy production or exergonicity. A variety of six product-favoring reactions are individually coupled with the reactant-favored reaction. The experimental results are correlated with the change in the entropies of the universe (ΔSuniv), the change in the standard-state free energies (ΔrG°), and the various equilibrium constants (K).
Supplement
A materials list, instructions for the preparation of the activity, student handouts, instructor notes, and other supporting materials are available.
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Contents
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Citation
Bindel, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ. 2007 84 449.
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Keywords
Acids / Bases; Equilibrium; First-Year Undergraduate / General; Hands-On Learning / Manipulatives; High School / Introductory Chemistry; Inquiry-Based / Discovery Learning; Laboratory Instruction; Physical Chemistry; Thermodynamics
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History
Created:
Last Updated:
2/1/2007
2/16/2007
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Experiments, laboratory exercises, lecture demonstrations, and other descriptions of the use of chemicals, apparatus, instruments, computers, and computer interfaces are presented in the Journal of Chemical Education as illustrative of new or improved ideas or concepts in chemistry instruction and are directed at qualified teachers. Although every effort is made to assure and encourage safe practices and safe use of chemicals, the Journal of Chemical Education cannot assume responsibility for uses made of its published materials. Many chemicals are hazardous. Precautions for the safe use of hazardous chemicals and directions for their proper disposal are described in the Material Safety Data Sheets and on the labels. We strongly urge all those planning to use materials from our pages to make choices and to develop procedures for laboratory and classroom safety in accordance with local needs and situations.
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