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  Home > JCE Print > Journal of Chemical Education > Issues > 2008  > April  >
In the Laboratory
Cost-Effective Teacher
Easy-To-Make Cryophoruses
Rubin Battino
Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435

Trevor M. Letcher
Department of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

Cover
April 2008
Vol. 85 No. 4
p. 561

Abstract
The cryophorus dramatically demonstrates the cooling effect of evaporation. This article describes some simple and easy-to-make cryophoruses, ideal for demonstrating evaporative cooling to students at all levels. The most dramatic effects occurred with cyclohexane and benzene, with water generally freezing more slowly.
Supplement
Two movies showing cryophorus generation
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Contents
More Information
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Citation
Battino, Rubin; Letcher, Trevor M. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 561.
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Keywords
Demonstrations; First-Year Undergraduate / General; Hands-On Learning / Manipulatives; High School / Introductory Chemistry; Liquids; Physical Chemistry; Physical Properties; Second-Year Undergraduate; Thermodynamics; Upper-Division Undergraduate
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History
Created:
Last Updated:
2/26/2008
3/5/2008
 Caution! 
Experiments, laboratory exercises, lecture demonstrations, and other descriptions of the use of chemicals, apparatus, instruments, computers, and computer interfaces are presented in the Journal of Chemical Education as illustrative of new or improved ideas or concepts in chemistry instruction and are directed at qualified teachers. Although every effort is made to assure and encourage safe practices and safe use of chemicals, the Journal of Chemical Education cannot assume responsibility for uses made of its published materials. Many chemicals are hazardous. Precautions for the safe use of hazardous chemicals and directions for their proper disposal are described in the Material Safety Data Sheets and on the labels. We strongly urge all those planning to use materials from our pages to make choices and to develop procedures for laboratory and classroom safety in accordance with local needs and situations.
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