sp3dn-Orbital Hybrids and Molecular Geometry
Mark Ellison
Wittenberg University, Department of Chemistry, Springfield, OH 45501
Abstract
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More Information: Keywords, JCE Citation
Abstract
This document is designed to allow students to explore interactively the hybrid orbitals that give rise to the following molecular geometries: octahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, square planar, and square pyramidal. The linear combinations of solutions to the Schrödinger equation are used to construct hybrid orbitals from s, p, and d orbitals. The exercises in this Mathcad template will introduce students to the graphical representations of complex hybrid orbitals, specifically the angular part of these orbitals. After gaining experience with graphing these orbitals, students should be able to visualize these hybrid orbitals and the resulting molecular geometries. Some introductory material is presented followed by exercises. The answers included in the document can be deleted when faculty use this document with students.
The angular parts of |Ψ|2 that arise from spd atomic orbital hybridization.
Downloads
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Document link |
Document type |
Download Info |
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SpdOrbitalsHybrids.mcd |
Mathcad 11 |
126 KB |
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Fully interactive with Mathcad 11 or higher
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SpdOrbitalsHybrids.pdf |
Acrobat.pdf |
214 KB |
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Non-interactive derived from Mathcad 11 file above. |
JCE Subscribers only: Institutional IP number access or name and password required
Commentary
Editor's Commentary
Other Information
KeywordsComputer-Based Learning; Physical Chemistry; Quantum Chemistry; Mathematics/Symbolic Mathematics; Upper Division Undergraduate JCE Citation
Ellison, Mark. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1534.
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