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General Chemistry Multimedia Problems can be used in a variety of ways. They are designed to supplement traditional textbook problems and can be assigned as homework. They can be used as the basis for out-of-class collaborative group work or for written essays in which individual students answer the questions in detail. If classroom computer projectors are available, they can be used for in-class collaborative work or as questions on examinations. Answers to the problems are provided but are not directly available from within the problems.
There are thirty-two General Chemistry Multimedia Problems. Each consists of four to twelve questions that have been chosen to include many of the concepts covered in a typical two-semester general chemistry course for science majors. Nineteen of the problems are based on concepts often encountered in the first semester of this course; thirteen of the problems are based on both first and second semester topics.
Contents
Problem titles are listed in Table 1 along with a list of the concepts needed to answer the questions and the semester in which most of the concepts needed for the question are covered in a typical introductory college course.
Hardware and Software Requirements
Hardware and software requirements for General Chemistry Multimedia Problems are found in Table 1.
Table 1. Problems and Concepts.
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1st Semester |
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Problem Titles |
Concepts |
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Acids and Salts |
strong and weak acids, oxidizing agents, H 2SO4 dehydration, heat of reaction, preparation of solutions by dilution, laboratory glassware, industrial uses of acids, colors of salts, naming ionic compounds |
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Burning Magnesium |
ionic and covalent compounds, chemical formulas, empirical formulas from experiment, periodic table, balancing simple reactions, naming covalent compounds, strong acids |
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Drinking Bird |
liquid-vapor equilibrium, vapor pressure and temperature, heat of reaction, evaporation |
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Electrostatic Attraction |
Lewis structures, molecular geometry, polarity, hydrocarbons, functional groups |
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Electrolysis # 1 |
electrolysis, reactions of hydrogen and oxygen, boiling, intermolecular forces, covalent bonding |
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Fireworks |
electron configuration, quantum numbers, absorption and emission, photon energy and wavelength, flame tests, H atom energies, visible and UV light |
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Floating Squares (2) |
polarity and solubility, density, cellulose, graphite, intermolecular forces, diamond, fullerenes, hybridization, allotropes |
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Hexane # 1 |
combustion reactions, balancing, limiting reactant, gas laws, condensation, ideal gas law, density |
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Hexane # 2 |
those from Hexane #1 plus polarity and solubility, intermolecular forces |
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NO and O2 # 1 |
solubility of gases, gas laws, balancing, limiting reactant |
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NO and O2 # 2 |
those from NO and O2 # 1 plus ideal gas law and chemical reactions |
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NO and O2 # 3 |
those from NO and O2 # 2 plus oxidation-reduction, acids and bases, free radicals, photochemical smog |
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Paramagnetism |
paramagnetism and diamagnetism, oxidation number, electron configuration |
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Phlogiston |
chemical revolution, combustion, balancing, limiting reactant, gas laws, condensation, empirical formula from experimental data, formulas of ionic compounds, chemical equations, mass relationships |
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Reactions of Metals # 1 |
heat of reaction, oxidation-reduction, reactivity, formulas and names of ionic compounds, hydrates, periodic table, halogens, metals and nonmetals, ionic and covalent compounds |
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Steam |
boiling point, liquid-vapor equilibrium, kinetic theory, balancing, types of reactions, electric power plants |
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Two Balloons |
gas laws, liquid-vapor equilibrium, vapor pressure, boiling |
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Water # 1 |
isotopes, protons, neutrons, density, atomic size |
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Water # 2 |
those from Water #1 plus Lewis structures, molecular geometry, intermolecular forces |
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2nd Semester |
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Problem Titles |
Concepts |
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Acids |
electrolytes, pH, strong and weak acids, buffers, acid-base equilibrium, kinetics, rate laws |
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Ammonia Fountain |
solubility of gases, acids and bases, indicators, pH |
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The H 2 and Cl2 Cannon |
ideal gas law, light-initiated reactions, thermodynamics (ΔH, ΔG), reaction mechanisms, ozone, absorption of light, stratospheric ozone, CFCs in the stratosphere |
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Chromate/Dichromate Equilibrium |
colors of salts, Le Châtelier’s principle, acid-base reactions, equilibrium constants |
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Disorder |
entropy and disorder, spontaneity, ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS. |
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Electrolysis # 2 |
electrolysis, reactions of hydrogen and oxygen, boiling, thermodynamics, ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS |
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Electrolysis # 3 |
electrolysis, reactions of hydrogen and oxygen, anode and cathode, pH, half-reactions, standard reduction potentials |
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Halogens and Halides |
polarity and solubility, balancing, standard reduction potentials, periodic table trends |
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Reactions of Metals # 2 |
balancing, heat of reaction, oxidation-reduction, reactivity, formulas and names of ionic compounds, hydrates, standard electrode potentials, periodic table trends |
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Nitrogen Oxides |
Le Châtelier’s principle, heat of reaction, diamagnetism and paramagnetism, kinetic theory, equilibrium constant |
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Oxides |
acidic and basic oxides, pH, periodic table, acid deposition |
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Strong Acids (2) |
strong and weak acids, oxidizing agents, H2SO4 dehydration, heat of reaction, freezing point depression, entropy, industrial uses of acids |
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Two Solids |
heat of reaction, pH, ammonia as a basic gas, products of a reaction, balancing, spontaneity and ΔG, ΔG = ΔH — TΔS, entropy and disorder |
Hardware and Software Requirements
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Computer
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CPU
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RAM
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Drives
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Graphics
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System
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Other Software
(Included)
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WWW Browser
(Not Included)
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Mac OS Compatible
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PowerPC;
150 MHz
recommended
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24 MB
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4 x CD-ROM
Hard disk
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800 x 600;
thousands or millions of colors
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System 7.6.1
or higher
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QuickTime 4
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Netscape Navigator 4.0 or higher OR
Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 or higher
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Windows Compatible
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Pentium;
150MHz recommended
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24 MB
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4 x CD-ROM
Hard Disk
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800 x 600;
16-bit or 24-bit color
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Windows 95/98
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QuickTime 4
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Netscape Navigator 4.0 or higher OR
Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 or higher
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Acknowledgement
The author thanks John Moore and the New Traditions Curriculum Project for support during two summers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison where the original versions of these problems were developed and Charles Kay for his explanation of the Phlogiston theory. The Disorder problem was inspired by a film made by Henry Bent.
Literature Cited
- Moore, J. W.; Jacobsen, J. J. Chemistry Comes Alive!, J. Chem. Educ. Software 2000, SP 18 2nd ed., SP21 2nd ed., SP 23; SP 25; and additional video in press.
- Summerlin, L. R.; Borgford, C. F.; Ealy, J. B. Chemical Demonstrations, Volume 2; ACS: Washington, DC, 1987.
Availability
Available: Now
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