JCE Software, SP9: Titration Techniques

Titration Techniques

Jerrold J. Jacobsen, Kelly Houston Jetzer, and Néha Patani
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1396
John Zimmerman
Wabash College, Crawfordsville, IN 47933
Gerald Zweerink
Missouri Western State College, Saint Joseph, MO 64507

Note:
Order Item Number: SP-9
Ordering Information

Titration Techniques is a laser videodisc that includes 20 lessons and demonstrations of laboratory techniques relating to titration. It is suitable for use in introductory chemistry classes at high school or college level. As much as possible, the techniques are shown close up, full screen, focusing attention on a "single point lesson" (see Fig. 2). Each video scene has been selected because it illustrates an important aspect of laboratory technique that can be shown to students prior to doing titrations in the chemistry laboratory. Showing this video to students as a pre-lab activity will help make their brief time in the laboratory more effective and safe. The video materials are certain to stimulate students' curiosity and help them learn.
Titration Techniques begins by developing the concept of titration through a very simple experiment. A liquid is poured from a graduated cylinder into a beaker and a second liquid is added until a color change occurs. Approximate volumes are read from the cylinders. An animation of this acid-base titration follows, illustrating molecular behavior and stoichiometry underlying this titration. Next is shown a segment of a permanganate titration, this time using a buret, accompanied by an appropriate animation. Once the concept has been established, a relatively complete acid-base titration is shown that focuses on cleanliness, accuracy, and safety. These and the following lessons are accompanied by a voice-over explanation.

Figure 1. A meniscus is properly viewed at eye level.
Titration Techniques demonstrates all important procedures involved in titration. As much as possible the techniques are shown independent of a specific titration chemistry. A series of video clips illustrates: various techniques for manipulating buret, stopcock, and flask; how to use a magnetic stirrer; how a stopcock works; and several methods for measuring liquid volumes, including a section on proper recording of significant figures when measuring liquids with common glassware. The disc also includes clips on why one should wait before reading a meniscus, how to distinguish dirty from clean burets, and why one should use clean burets.

Figure 2. Clasp of a meniscus for student reading practice.
Significant attention is paid to the proper technique for reading a meniscus. Video shows meniscus-viewing techniques for colorless and dark liquids and the consequences of not reading a meniscus at eye level. Lessons are provided on approaching the end point, focusing on end point colors produced via different commonly used indicators. The concept of a titration curve is illustrated by means of a pH meter.
Carefully recorded images of the entire range of meniscus values in a buret, pipet, and graduated cylinder are included so that you can show your students, in lecture or pre-lab discussion, any meniscus and discuss how to read the buret properly. These buret meniscus values are very carefully recorded at the rate of one video frame per hundredth of a milliliter, so that an image showing any given meniscus value can be obtained. These images can be easily incorporated into a computer-based multimedia environment for testing or meniscus-reading exercises. Two of the authors have used this technique and found the exercise to be very well received by their students.
Video on side two shows nearly 100 "bloopers", demonstrating both the right way and wrong ways to do tasks associated with titration. This material can be used in a variety of situations: to show students the correct way to do something; to test students by asking them "What is this person doing wrong?"; or to develop multimedia, computer-based lessons.
The contents of Titration Techniques are listed below:
Side 1

Titration: what it is. A simple titration; Acid-base titration animation; A brief redox titration; Redox titration animation; A complete acid-base titration.

Titration techniques. Hand technique variations; Stopcock; Using a buret to measure liquid volumes; Wait before reading meniscus; Dirty and clean burets; Read meniscus at eye level (see Fig. 1); Meniscus viewing techniques--light colored liquids; Meniscus viewing techniques--dark liquids; Using a magnetic stirrer; Rough titration; Significant figures; Approaching the end point; End point colors; Titration with a pH meter; Titration curves; Colors of indicators.

Meniscus values. Buret meniscus values; Pipet meniscus values; Graduated cylinder meniscus values.
Side 2

"Bloopers". Introducing the people; Titration animation; Inspecting the buret; Rinsing the buret with water; Preparing a solid sample; Obtaining a liquid sample; Delivering a liquid sample with a Mohr pipet; Pipetting a liquid sample with a Mohr pipet; Rinsing the Mohr pipet with sample; Using the Mohr pipet to transfer sample; Delivering a liquid sample with a volumetric pipet; Pipetting a liquid sample with a volumetric pipet; Rinsing the volumetric pipet with sample; Using the volumetric pipet to transfer sample; Obtaining the titrant; Rinsing the buret with titrant; Filling the buret with titrant; Adding the indicator; The initial reading; Beginning the titration; Delivering titrant; The final reading.

Figure 3. Near the end point a single drop of titrant can cause a lasting color change.
Hardware and Software Requirements
Titration Techniques is a 12-in., double-sided, 60-minute, CAV-type laser videodisc in NTSC format (it is incompatible with the PAL standard used in many European countries). It may be operated from any videodisc player using a handheld remote-control keypad or a barcode reader. (Consult the supplier of your videodisc player to ascertain whether it can be used with a barcode reader.)
To make the video presentation visible to students in a classroom either a large-screen color monitor or a color video projection unit will be needed. The size of the monitor (or the need for a projection unit) depends on the size of the class to which the presentation will be made.
Computer Control: If the disc is to be used under computer control, the videodisc player must have a serial (RS-232) interface. Software is supplied with the videodisc for both Macintosh and IBM compatible computers.
The Macintosh version requires an Apple Macintosh with a hard disk drive. Macintosh computers running under System Software version 6 without MultiFinder must have at least 2 MB of memory and System Software version 6.0.5 or later. Macintoshes using System 7 or System 6 with MultiFinder require a minimum of 4 MB of memory.
The Windows/IBM PC version requires Microsoft Windows version 3.1 or later and associated hardware as defined by Microsoft. We recommend an IBM PC compatible computer with an 80386 or higher processor, a minimum of 4 MB of memory, a hard disk, one floppy disk drive to install the software, and a Windows-compatible graphics card, such as an IBM VGA or a Super VGA adapter with a compatible color monitor, and a mouse. DOS version 5.0 or later is highly recommended.
Acknowledgement
This disc was created with support from the National Science Foundation, Directorate for Education and Human Resources, Instructional Materials Development Program.
Availability
Available: Now

First Published: October 1995
Citation: Jacobsen, J. J.; Jetzer, K. H.; Patani, N.; Zimmerman, J.; Zweerink,G. . Titration Techniques J. Chem. Educ. Software SP9
Keywords: Lecture Aid; Computer Room; Laboratory; Simulation; High School; General; Analytical; Laboratory techniques

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Last Updated: August 17, 2001
Created: December 3, 1996 Created by: J. L. Holmes
Comments to: jceonline@chem.wisc.edu

© 1997 Division of Chemical Education, Inc., American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.



Titration Techniques
Jerrold J. Jacobsen, Kelly Houston Jetzer, and Néha Patani University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1396 John Zimmerman Wabash College, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 Gerald Zweerink Missouri Western State College, Saint Joseph, MO 64507

Note:	Order Item Number: SP-9 Ordering Information

Titration Techniques is a laser videodisc that includes 20 lessons and demonstrations of laboratory techniques relating to titration. It is suitable for use in introductory chemistry classes at high school or college level. As much as possible, the techniques are shown close up, full screen, focusing attention on a "single point lesson" (see Fig. 2). Each video scene has been selected because it illustrates an important aspect of laboratory technique that can be shown to students prior to doing titrations in the chemistry laboratory. Showing this video to students as a pre-lab activity will help make their brief time in the laboratory more effective and safe. The video materials are certain to stimulate students' curiosity and help them learn. Titration Techniques begins by developing the concept of titration through a very simple experiment. A liquid is poured from a graduated cylinder into a beaker and a second liquid is added until a color change occurs. Approximate volumes are read from the cylinders. An animation of this acid-base titration follows, illustrating molecular behavior and stoichiometry underlying this titration. Next is shown a segment of a permanganate titration, this time using a buret, accompanied by an appropriate animation. Once the concept has been established, a relatively complete acid-base titration is shown that focuses on cleanliness, accuracy, and safety. These and the following lessons are accompanied by a voice-over explanation. Figure 1. A meniscus is properly viewed at eye level. Titration Techniques demonstrates all important procedures involved in titration. As much as possible the techniques are shown independent of a specific titration chemistry. A series of video clips illustrates: various techniques for manipulating buret, stopcock, and flask; how to use a magnetic stirrer; how a stopcock works; and several methods for measuring liquid volumes, including a section on proper recording of significant figures when measuring liquids with common glassware. The disc also includes clips on why one should wait before reading a meniscus, how to distinguish dirty from clean burets, and why one should use clean burets. Figure 2. Clasp of a meniscus for student reading practice. Significant attention is paid to the proper technique for reading a meniscus. Video shows meniscus-viewing techniques for colorless and dark liquids and the consequences of not reading a meniscus at eye level. Lessons are provided on approaching the end point, focusing on end point colors produced via different commonly used indicators. The concept of a titration curve is illustrated by means of a pH meter. Carefully recorded images of the entire range of meniscus values in a buret, pipet, and graduated cylinder are included so that you can show your students, in lecture or pre-lab discussion, any meniscus and discuss how to read the buret properly. These buret meniscus values are very carefully recorded at the rate of one video frame per hundredth of a milliliter, so that an image showing any given meniscus value can be obtained. These images can be easily incorporated into a computer-based multimedia environment for testing or meniscus-reading exercises. Two of the authors have used this technique and found the exercise to be very well received by their students. Video on side two shows nearly 100 "bloopers", demonstrating both the right way and wrong ways to do tasks associated with titration. This material can be used in a variety of situations: to show students the correct way to do something; to test students by asking them "What is this person doing wrong?"; or to develop multimedia, computer-based lessons. The contents of Titration Techniques are listed below: Side 1 Titration: what it is. A simple titration; Acid-base titration animation; A brief redox titration; Redox titration animation; A complete acid-base titration. Titration techniques. Hand technique variations; Stopcock; Using a buret to measure liquid volumes; Wait before reading meniscus; Dirty and clean burets; Read meniscus at eye level (see Fig. 1); Meniscus viewing techniques--light colored liquids; Meniscus viewing techniques--dark liquids; Using a magnetic stirrer; Rough titration; Significant figures; Approaching the end point; End point colors; Titration with a pH meter; Titration curves; Colors of indicators. Meniscus values. Buret meniscus values; Pipet meniscus values; Graduated cylinder meniscus values. Side 2 "Bloopers". Introducing the people; Titration animation; Inspecting the buret; Rinsing the buret with water; Preparing a solid sample; Obtaining a liquid sample; Delivering a liquid sample with a Mohr pipet; Pipetting a liquid sample with a Mohr pipet; Rinsing the Mohr pipet with sample; Using the Mohr pipet to transfer sample; Delivering a liquid sample with a volumetric pipet; Pipetting a liquid sample with a volumetric pipet; Rinsing the volumetric pipet with sample; Using the volumetric pipet to transfer sample; Obtaining the titrant; Rinsing the buret with titrant; Filling the buret with titrant; Adding the indicator; The initial reading; Beginning the titration; Delivering titrant; The final reading. Figure 3. Near the end point a single drop of titrant can cause a lasting color change. Hardware and Software Requirements Titration Techniques is a 12-in., double-sided, 60-minute, CAV-type laser videodisc in NTSC format (it is incompatible with the PAL standard used in many European countries). It may be operated from any videodisc player using a handheld remote-control keypad or a barcode reader. (Consult the supplier of your videodisc player to ascertain whether it can be used with a barcode reader.) To make the video presentation visible to students in a classroom either a large-screen color monitor or a color video projection unit will be needed. The size of the monitor (or the need for a projection unit) depends on the size of the class to which the presentation will be made. Computer Control: If the disc is to be used under computer control, the videodisc player must have a serial (RS-232) interface. Software is supplied with the videodisc for both Macintosh and IBM compatible computers. The Macintosh version requires an Apple Macintosh with a hard disk drive. Macintosh computers running under System Software version 6 without MultiFinder must have at least 2 MB of memory and System Software version 6.0.5 or later. Macintoshes using System 7 or System 6 with MultiFinder require a minimum of 4 MB of memory. The Windows/IBM PC version requires Microsoft Windows version 3.1 or later and associated hardware as defined by Microsoft. We recommend an IBM PC compatible computer with an 80386 or higher processor, a minimum of 4 MB of memory, a hard disk, one floppy disk drive to install the software, and a Windows-compatible graphics card, such as an IBM VGA or a Super VGA adapter with a compatible color monitor, and a mouse. DOS version 5.0 or later is highly recommended. Acknowledgement This disc was created with support from the National Science Foundation, Directorate for Education and Human Resources, Instructional Materials Development Program. Availability Available: Now


News \| Issues \| CD-ROM / Video \| Find It! \| Technical Support \| For Authors
JCE Online \| Journal \| Software \| Internet \| Happenings \| About JCE \| Contact JCE

Last Updated: August 17, 2001 Created: December 3, 1996	Created by: J. L. Holmes Comments to: jceonline@chem.wisc.edu

© 1997 Division of Chemical Education, Inc., American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.