Introductory texts usually do not give any account of the way in which the size of an atom was first estimated from experimental data, nor do they make it clear how difficult it was to gain an experimental measurement of quantities trillions of times smaller than the laboratory scale of measurement. In 1865, Josef Loschmidt at Vienna published a paper in which he used the viscosity of air and Maxwell's recently published articles on the kinetic theory of gases to derive, for the first time, an estimate of the size of "air molecules". With some annotations to explain awkward usages in a groundbreaking paper, Loschmidt's article is accessible to introductory students using any text with a solid introduction to the kinetic theory of gases. We present Loschmidt's article in English translation with explanatory notes.
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Citation
Porterfield, William W.; Kruse, Walter. J. Chem. Educ.1995 72 870.
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