We present a simple demonstration of classical density-functional theory. The starting point is the free energy derived from the van der Waals equation and the familiar gas-liquid phase transition associated with this famous equation. We then construct an approximate free energy by Taylor expansion, illustrating the ideas behind the functional methods used in modern density-functional theory. This presentation also illustrates some of the issues involved in starting a theoretical research project involving undergraduates.
Supplement
Instructions for the students and notes for the instructor are available.
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