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This text helps to fill a void in the market, as there
are relatively few undergraduate instrumental analysis texts
designed specifically for the expanding population of
environmental science students. R. N. Reeve's introductory,
open-learning Environmental Analysis (Wiley, 1994) is one of the few, and
it is aimed at a lower level and is less appropriate for
traditional classroom study.
Kebbekus and Mitra's book appears to be an update
of I. Marr and M. Cresser's excellent 1983 text by the same
name (and also published under the Chapman and Hall
imprint). It assumes no background in instrumental methods of
analysis but it does depend upon a good general chemistry
background in kinetic and equilibrium calculations and the
standard laboratory techniques found in a classical introduction
to analytical chemistry. The slant taken by the authors is
aimed more toward engineers, not only in the choice of topics,
but also in how they are presented. For example, the
statistical significance tests presented follow an engineering
format rather than the standard used in analytical chemistry.
This approach does not detract from the book's clarity. The
writing style is concise and the book is generally well written.
The earlier text, which has become somewhat of a
classic, took the unusual step of teaching the instruments in the
context of their environmental application. It was divided into
sections on the "atmosphere", the "hydrosphere", the
"lithosphere", and the "biosphere". This text takes a similar approach
in the second half, with chapters on methods for air, water,
and solid samples. Users who intend to use the book as a
text instead of a reference will appreciate the addition of
chapters in the first half of the book on spectroscopic,
chromatographic, and mass spectrometric methods. The six chapters in
these two parts of the book along with four chapters
scattered throughout on environmental measurements,
sampling, sample preparation, and quality assurance make a nice
package overall, although I might personally prefer a
chapter on environmental chemometrics as well. Most of the
major instrumental methods actively employed in
environmental analysis are treated either in the theoretical chapters or in
the later application chapters. These include introductions
to UVvis, FTIR, SFC, HPLC, IC (but not CE), GC,
GCMS, ISEs, anodic stripping, FAA, GFAA, XRF, ICP, ICPMS,
and even two pages on the basics of immunoassays.
Although this text provides an update of the earlier
book, its greatest failing is a particular strength of the first text:
it fails to provide any detailed references within the text,
relying on an average of five generic "suggested readings" at the end of
each chapter. Even tables such as "Some US drinking
water quality standards" give no references, setting a bad example
for students who have to write research papers of their own.
As it also does not provide the detailed procedures or
fine-quality figures that were available in the earlier text, it is not
worth as much as a reference book or for library acquisitions.
In the first book the detailed procedures served as a "lab
manual within the text" and this increased its pedagogic
value tremendously. Still, this text does make use of
generalized procedures to step through many of the standard
methods encountered by practicing environmental scientists, and
the tables are in most cases superior to those in similar
texts, lacking only the references to make them as useful as
they might be.
A second weakness of note comes from the
organization. Having two different parts of the book covering material
that relates to each of the instrumental methods means that it is
not always clear where the reader should go to find
information that relates to a particular method. For example, specifics
on sampling equipment for water and soils appear in the
chapter on sampling, but for air they appear in the applications
section. Similarly, the sample preparation chapter would make
more logical sense if it appeared before the instrumental
methods that make use of it, and the F-test should be
discussed before it is called upon to tell whether two populations have
the same variance. The various discussions rarely refer the
reader to related material located in other parts of the text, so
occasionally one is left wondering about the lack of
coverage. However, in the end the authors do introduce all the
topics fairly well, and the text seems to have a good index.
In summary, this text provides a very readable
introduction to instrumental environmental analysis that is
appropriate for a one-semester course designed for advanced
undergraduate environmental engineering and environmental science
students. If the instructor is careful to read the text beforehand
so as to guide the students appropriately, supplying
additional references when experimental work is to be undertaken,
it should also work satisfactorily in courses that have a
laboratory component.
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