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This book is intended to be a brief introduction
of general inorganic chemistry, written primarily for
students in their first year of chemistry. The text is organized into
seven chapters, two appendices, and an alphabetical subject
index. Each chapter begins with a one-paragraph statement of
its aims and objectives. Chapter headings reflect the
material covered in the 143 pages of actual text. They are as follows.
1. Moles and Molarity. Differences between atoms
and molecules, between cations and anions, and between
compounds and mixtures are discussed. Numerical examples are given
to show the calculation of both molecular weight and
atomic weight percentage from molecular structure, of molarity
from the grams of solute dissolved in a given volume of
solution, and of amount of chemicals produced as the result of
chemical reactions involving limiting reagents. The authors
unfortunately use the terms "atomic weight" and "molecular
weight" throughout the book. Most chemistry textbooks used in
the United States distinguish between weights and masses.
2. The Structure of the Atom, Electron
Configuration and the Build-up of the Periodic
Table. The chapter presents in abbreviated fashion several of the early models for the
atom and discusses the spectroscopic evidence for atomic
orbitals. The four quantum numbers are introduced and the
shapes of s, p, and d orbitals are depicted. Electron
configurations for the first 30 elements in the periodic table are
deduced using the Pauli exclusion principle and Hund's
maximum multiplicity rule. The outer electron configurations for
Cr and Cu were given as 3d4 and
3d9, respectively. Nowhere in the chapter was it ever mentioned that these two
elements have abnormal ground-state electron configurations in
that an electron is removed from the 4s orbital and placed
into one of the 3d orbitals. The chapter's coverage could have
been expanded to show electron configurations of simple ions,
such as Na+, Mg2+, and
F-.
3. The Physical Properties of the Elements and the
Periodic Table. Periodic trends in atomic radii, first ionization
potential, and electron affinity are presented in both tabular
and graphical format. Only a superficial explanation is given
to justify each observed trend.
4. Chemical Properties of the Elements and the Periodic
Table. Molecular bonding is discussed in terms of the sharing
of electrons between adjacent atoms.
Electronegativity is introduced and rules are presented for the assignment
of oxidation numbers for simple molecules and ionic
compounds. The variable valences of select first-row transition metals are
discussed. Structural formulas of several polyatomic
covalent molecules are presented to show how the number of
valence electrons determines the number of covalent bonds that will
be formed. Molecular orbital theory of diatomic
molecules is briefly presented using H2,
H2+,
He2+ and He2. An
equation is given for the calculation of bond order. The discussion
of molecular orbital theory is inadequate in that no mention
is given to the formation of p-bonds, despite the fact that
the authors state that a bond order of two corresponds to a
double bond, and a bond order of three corresponds to a triple bond.
I was disappointed to find very little attention given
to chemical nomenclature. For example, in Chapter 4,
molecular and ionic formulas such as
KMnO4, HClO4, and
SO42- are presented without names. Even in the authors' discussion
of variable valences, none of the common transition metal
cations are named. Naturally, one must wonder how the
authors expect readers to learn chemical nomenclature from their
book.
I also noted that the authors did give the
electron configurations of Cr and Cu as
[Ar]s1d5 and
[Ar]s1d10 in both Table 4.1 and Figure 4.4. Readers not already familiar
with how to write electron configurations will undoubtedly
note the discrepancies between Figures 2.11 and 4.4, and
wonder which of the electron configurations are correct.
5. The Lewis Structures of Molecules, Cations and
Anions, Including Oxyanions. The chapter is entirely devoted
to constructing Lewis dot structures. Examples are given
for both molecules and ions that obey the octet rule, and
for those that have an expanded octet containing either 10
or 12 electrons. Resonance structures are drawn if
applicable. Oxyacids and oxyanions of the main group elements
are treated in detail. Formal charges are calculated, and
when needed are used to predict which of several alternative
dot structures is the most reasonable.
6. Shapes and
Hybridization. Molecular shapes are predicted on the basis of the valence state electron pair
repulsion (VSEPR) theory. Examples are depicted showing both
bond orders and bond angles. Advantages and disadvantages of
the VSEPR theory are stated. The basic hybridization
schemes are briefly reviewed, with simple diagrams given to
depict the formation of p-bonds through the overlap of atomic
p orbitals.
7. A Features of Interest Approach to Systematic
Inorganic Chemistry. Properties and reactivity of select molecules
are summarized in a "Features of Interest Spider Diagram".
The diagram includes the electron configuration,
electronegativity, and oxidation number of each element in the molecule,
as well the molecule's shape and Lewis dot structure and
select chemical reactions involving the molecule. Contrary to
the authors' claims, however, it is not apparent to me how
the spider diagram allows one to predict 80% of the
chemistry of simple molecules, anions, and cations.
The book concludes with two appendices listing six
additional texts and papers and ten tutorials, and a dozen or
so possible topics and questions for discussion. Personally,
I found the book to be completely unsuitable as either a
textbook or reference book for classroom instruction in
the United States. I suspect that it was written for the
British educational system. It is much too narrowly focused to be
used as a general chemistry textbook. The few topics that
are covered in the book I find covered in greater depth in
most standard general chemistry textbooks. The book contains
no problems for students to work. Many of the examples
that are presented are extremely simple, and are not meant
to challenge even the average student.
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