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  Home > JCE Print > Journal of Chemical Education > Issues > 1999  > October  >
In the Classroom
When Do Arrows Not Have Tips?
Igor Novak
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
Cover
October 1999
Vol. 76 No. 10
p. 1380
Abstract
The graphical method of boxes-and-arrows is usually used to describe electronic states and spin-orbit coupling in atoms. This method, as it stands, can only be applied to light atoms (i.e., LS-coupling). We present an analogous method that can be applied to heavy atoms (i.e., the case of jj-coupling). The use of the same graphical method emphasizes the same physical nature of energy terms in both light and heavy atoms.
More Information
*  Citation
 Novak, Igor. J. Chem. Educ. 1999 76 1380.
*  Keywords
 Physical Chemistry; Quantum Chemistry; Theoretical Chemistry; Atomic Properties / Structure
*  History
 Created:
Last Updated:		 September 6, 1999
June 23, 2005
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