In the 1950s dedicated computers calculated concentrations, reduced analytical times by a single operator for a standard analytical program to 10-20 min. In the 1960s computers made it possible to time analysis in microseconds, after spark backgrounds had largely disappeared, to improve detection limits by 10% or more. The 1980s and 1990s introduced the use of array detectors and coarse gratings with crossed prisms and computer readouts to measure desired "pixels" and returned spectrochemical analysis to the versatility of spectrographs, with the speed and accuracy of analysis of direct readers.