|
John R. de Laeter offers an overview of inorganic mass spectrometry
as part of the Wiley-Interscience series on mass spectrometry.
This series, edited by Dominic M. Desiderio and Nico M. M.
Nibbering, also includes the titles Principles and Practice
of Biological Mass Spectrometry by Chhabil Dass and Protein
Sequencing and Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry
by Michael Kinter. Unlike the latter topics, which have relatively
recent histories, inorganic mass spectrometry can be traced
to the origins of mass spectrometry with the pioneering discoveries
of cathode rays and isotopes by J. J. Thomson and with the
measurements of atomic masses, isotopic distributions, and
binding energies by his protégé, F. A. Aston.
Undaunted by the challenge of tracing such a lengthy history,
de Laeter takes the reader on a journey through nearly nine
decades of research and development in the field. This trip
includes forays into instrumentation and meanderings through
applications. The majority of the discussion relates to the
era of modern mass spectrometry, which began with A. O. Nier's
introduction of the 60° sector field instrument in 1947.
However, de Laeter aptly makes the connection between the
modern era and the early history without minimizing the significance
of either.
Part I of the book comprises 102 pages describing instrumentation
and techniques relevant to the applications described in Part
II. Separate chapters devoted to sector field (magnetic and
electric), secondary ion, accelerator, and inductively coupled
plasma (ICP) mass spectrometric techniques describe inlet
systems, ionization methods, mass analyzers, and detectors
relevant to the respective instruments. Descriptions of spark
source, glow discharge, and resonance ionization techniques
get lumped into a catch-all "other" chapter along with Fourier
transform ion cyclotron resonance. This approach allows de
Laeter to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of instrument
systems and to illustrate clearly the relationship between
technological advances and scientific discovery. Readers previously
unfamiliar with these topics gain important knowledge, while
those already familiar gain appreciation for the numerous
difficulties overcome by pioneers to make significant advances
in the field. The author's respect and admiration for the
contributions of A. O. Nier shine especially brightly throughout.
Justification of the book's title emerges in Part II, which
illustrates relevant applications in the inorganic realm.
The topics of metrology, reference materials, and cosmochemistry
each receive separate chapters as do nuclear, environmental,
material, planetary, and geosciences. Brief discussions of
biomedical, biological, forensic science, archaeometry, and
meteorology and oceanography applications find their way into
another catchall "other" chapter. The role of mass spectrometry
in establishing accurate atomic masses and reliable isotopic
distributions of the elements receives proper attention, and
de Laeter shrewdly demonstrates the impact of these measurements
on the values of Avogadro's number, the Faraday constant,
and the universal gas constant. Likewise, he cleverly exposes
the hidden impact of mass spectrometry on international commerce,
which requires accurate and precise analyses of raw materials
and products to ensure equitable economic exchange. Similarly
intriguing tales of the role of mass spectrometry in establishing
the age of the universe and of the Shroud of Turin, developing
the atomic bomb, and monitoring global climate change emerge
throughout this section.
The majority of the discussion in Part II relates to applications
of chronochemistry, which is the science related to age dating
materials. Because radioactive elements undergo well-defined
decay to more stable species, mass spectrometric analysis
of the abundances of relevant isotopes helps to determine
the age of material containing the elements of interest. Several
decay systems receive mention, including U/Th–Pb, Rb–Sr,
and K–Ar among others. de Laeter highlights the application
of this general approach for the study of corals, minerals,
ores, meteors, comets, and many, many more. Given the amount
of attention devoted to this area, one gets the unmistakable
impression that the author relishes a career spent in this
field and delights in sharing his fondest reflections with
others.
Discussions of the techniques and applications given full
chapters in the text seemed generally thorough. Unfortunately,
the brief descriptions of topics relegated to the book's two
"other" chapters fail to provide adequate coverage; the use
of such catchall headings should be avoided. The lack of mention
of more modern topics proves even more disappointing. The
exclusion of a discussion of fullerenes, which represent an
area of intense research interest, represents a particularly
egregious omission. Including this topic opens the opportunity
to mention the ionization techniques of field desorption,
electrospray ionization, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization,
the latter two being especially prominent in many modern mass
spectrometers. In addition to these changes, this text could
be further "modernized" by dropping the archaic designation
m/q for the favored term m/z to represent mass-to-charge ratio.
With his book, Applications of Inorganic Mass Spectrometry,
John R. de Laeter provides a reliable vehicle for a fascinating
journey through nearly nine decades of progress in the field
of inorganic mass spectrometry. Together with the remaining
entries in the Wiley-Interscience series on mass spectrometry,
an impressive record of the topic emerges.
|