|
If you are familiar with the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model and
perhaps recognized the name Gillespie, let me tell you up front: this is not a
book on VSEPR. But don’t get me wrong: I love VSEPR and I think it is a
great teaching tool, but Gillespie and Popelier’s book is just a lot more
than that. Chemical bonding is the cornerstone of chemistry, and this book provides
a very readable account of the main concepts and theories used over the last 70
or 80 years to comprehend the nature of the chemical bond and the structure of
molecules, primarily those of the main group elements. Thus, while a discussion
of crystal field theory (CFT) is conspicuously absent and molecular orbital theory
(MOT) is only summarily treated, both old and new approaches to understanding
molecular geometry are adequately covered.
The book is divided into nine chapters, each of which is supplemented by a
number of references to the primary and secondary literature, some as recent as
from 2000, and a brief annotated list of sources for further reading on specific
topics, both of which I found especially valuable. Chapter 1 presents a series
of classical concepts in chemical bonding, from Lewis structures and electronegativity
to oxidation states and the octet rule. Although these ideas will only challenge
the imagination of those without any prior knowledge of the field, the authors
should be commended for their ability to summarize them in just a few pages, with
carefully selected examples, and without the excessive use of illustrations that
plague most modern general chemistry textbooks. In the same vein, Chapter 2 includes
succinct descriptions of bond lengths and covalent radii, multiple bonds and bond
order, bond polarity and dipole moments, and bond dissociation energies. I found
particularly lucid the section on ionic radii, which concisely contrasts the bases
and limitations of both Pauling and Shannon values. Chapter 3 nicely synopsizes
the introductory chapters of the book by summarizing basic notions in quantum
mechanics and the roles of its key contributors, and a short (too short?) section
on ab initio calculations. Bohr and the hydrogen atom, Heisenberg and the uncertainty
principle, the Schrödinger equation, wave functions and electron density
distributions, and the Pauli exclusion principle are all there.
Chapter 4 is dedicated to the VSEPR model and gives an up-to-date and honest
review of its principles and predicting power with the aid of several clear figures
and tables. I believe this chapter will be a favorite of VSEPR enthusiasts since
there is certainly more detailed information than that usually given in general
or inorganic chemistry textbooks, but not as much as in Gillespie and Hargittai’s
The VSEPR Model of Molecular Geometry (Allyn and Bacon, 1991), which
has been out-of-print for several years anyway (you won’t even find it on
eBay). Ligand–ligand interactions and the relatively new ligand close-packing
(LCP) model, which can be regarded as a more refined and complementary version
of the VSEPR model, are discussed in Chapter 5.
The theory of atoms in molecules (AIM) and the analysis of electron density
distributions, which are becoming increasingly popular with the advent of more
refined ab initio methods and more readily available X-ray crystallographic data,
are described in Chapter 6. A pictorial and relatively uncomplicated mathematical
treatment of both AIM and electron density principles is used by the authors with
the hope of promoting these powerful ideas whose pedagogical value is still not
widely appreciated. A simplified version of this chapter has recently been published
in this Journal (Matta, C. F.; Gillespie, R. J.
J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1141–1152).
For readers with a flair for the mathematical I recommend Chapter 7 and its discussion
of the Laplacian of the electron density, which, to be honest, still challenges
my imagination. The final two chapters of the book apply the basic principles
of the VSEPR and LCP models to describe in detail the molecular geometries of
compounds of the nonmetallic elements of periods 2 through 6, including a brief
review of the presence of stereochemically active (or inactive) lone pairs of
electrons in the heavier p-block metals. The book concludes with compact
yet fairly complete subject and formula indexes.
In summary, this book is an excellent overview of both the classical and modern
concepts used to explain and predict molecular geometries of the nonmetallic elements
and their compounds. However, for more general courses on bonding and structure,
either at the senior undergraduate or graduate level, the use of additional textbooks
to describe bonding theories for transition metals (i.e., CFT and MOT) and the
common experimental techniques used in structural chemistry would be necessary.
The book itself has been carefully produced and I have not been able to detect
any errors, either chemical or typographical, and it is certainly reasonably priced.
All in all, I believe this book to be a great buy, and I definitely recommend
it to every chemist with an interest in structure and bonding.
|