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  Home > JCE Print > Journal of Chemical Education > Issues > 2003  > September  >
Research: Science and Education
A Graphical Presentation of the Born–Haber Cycle for Estimating the Electrode Potentials of Metals
Michael Laing
School of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Natal, Durban 4041, Republic of South Africa
Cover
September 2003
Vol. 80 No. 9
p. 1057
Abstract
The traditional Born–Haber cycle for estimating E° for Mn+/M is represented visually by plotting step-by-step the values of ΔHat, IEi, and ΔHhyd for the metal. Metals with a positive value of E° have an enthalpy sum, ΔHat + IEi + ΔHhyd, greater than n × 439 kJ; those metals whose E° is negative have the sum less than n × 439 kJ. The relative influence of each energy factor is easily seen, notably the small value of ΔHat and the large values of IEi and ΔHhyd. The difference between the estimated value of E° and its true value is due to entropy effects being ignored. This graphical approach is appropriate for sophomore- and junior-level students.
More Information
*  Citation
 Laing, Michael. J. Chem. Educ. 2003 80 1057.
*  Keywords
 Electrochemistry; Inorganic Chemistry; Metals; Redox Reactions
*  History
 Created:
Last Updated:		 August 4, 2003
February 28, 2005
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