JCE Online Journal of Chemical Education
 | Subscriptions  | Software Orders  | Support  | Contributors  | Advertisers  | 

JCE Print
   Current Issue
 Previous Issues
 Supplements
 Search JCE Index

JCE Digital Library
   JCE DLib Catalog
   ChemInfo
 Data-Driven Exercises
 DigiDemos
 Featured Molecules
 LivTexts
 LrnCom
 QBank
 SymMath
 WebWare

JCE Software
   Latest Releases
 Software & Video
 Downloads
 Support

Only@JCE Online
   JCE Online Store
 JCE HS CLIC
 JCE Discussion Forums
   Biographical Snapshots
 ChemEd Resource Shelf
 Hal's Picks
 Project Chemlab
 Reviewed WWW Sites
 "Web-Ed" Articles

About JCE
   Features
 Publications
 Operations
 Outreach
 Contact Us



  Home > JCE Print > Journal of Chemical Education > Issues > 2004  > September  >
In the Laboratory
Competition Experiments as a Means of Evaluating Linear Free Energy Relationships. An Experiment for the Advanced Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Lab
Richard J. Mullins, Andrei Vedernikov, and Rajesh Viswanathan
Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
Cover
September 2004
Vol. 81 No. 9
p. 1357
Abstract
A novel approach to exploring Hammett relationships in the undergraduate teaching lab is described. The use of competition experiments proved to be a reliable method for the construction of Hammett plots with good correlation. Reactions that were studied include the sodium borohydride reduction, methylmagnesium bromide addition, and oxime formation with para-substituted acetophenones. The composition of reaction mixtures was established by 1H NMR integrations. The use of competition experiments ensured consistency in the results, as relatively little control was required over the reaction conditions. Thus, this method provides great flexibility with regard to the compounds and reactions that may be studied.
Supplement
Detailed procedures and NMR spectra for the competition experiments are available.
*  Contents JCE2004p1357W.doc (Microsoft Word)
 
*  Download



 
More Information
*  Citation
 Mullins, Richard J.; Vedernikov, Andrei; Viswanathan, Rajesh. J. Chem. Educ. 2004 81 1357.
*  Keywords
 Inquiry-Based / Discovery Method; Kinetics; Laboratory Instruction; Mechanisms; Mechanisms of Reactions; NMR Spectrometry; Organic Chemistry; Organic Synthesis
*  History
 Created:
Last Updated:		 July 28, 2004
August 10, 2004
<< Previous article Table of Contents Next Article >>
  Home > JCE Print > Journal of Chemical Education > Issues > 2004  > September  > Page 1357


Subscriptions
 Subscription Info
 Order Forms

JCE HS CLIC

Our Secondary School editors work hard to distill all the JCE materials to produce a fraction of particular interest to high school teachers. We call it CLIC.
 JCE HS CLIC

Contributions Welcome
JCE welcomes your submission
 Contributors's Corner

Advertisers
In recent years we have worked hard to better match our advertisers with our readers. When shopping for chemistry education materials, visit our advertisers' WWW sites first.
 Recent Advertisers

Be An Ambassador
Take JCE along on your outreach missions. Copies of the Journal, guest access to JCE Online, our publications catalog, and more are available for your participants.
 Outreach with JCE

Comments to
jceonline@chem.wisc.edu		 Copyright © Division of Chemical Education, Inc., American Chemical Society.
All rights reserved.