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  Home > JCE Print > Journal of Chemical Education > Issues > 2005  > May  >
Symposium: Chemistry at the Nanometer Scale
Electrochemistry at Nanometer-Scaled Electrodes
John J. Watkins, Bo Zhang, and Henry S. White
Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
Cover
May 2005
Vol. 82 No. 5
p. 712
Abstract
Advances in the fabrication of nanometer-scaled electrodes during the past decade have created a number of exciting opportunities in both physical chemistry and analytical measurements. This article describes how Pt electrodes of nanometer dimensions are synthesized and characterized in a chemical laboratory. A few examples of their applications in fundamental studies of electron-transfer mechanisms and in analytical chemistry are presented. Examples include investigations of the dependence of electron-transfer kinetics and molecular diffusion on interfacial electric fields and electrochemical detection of very small quantities of a redox-active species (zeptomole detection). The concept of comparing the electrode size to the length scales of various microscopic structures (e.g., the double layer) and chemical steps that define electrochemical reactions is emphasized. This approach allows students to understand why new phenomena appear as the electrode size is reduced to the nanometer scale. A brief overview of literature describing electrochemical experimentation with nanometer-scaled electrodes is also included.
More Information
*  Citation
 Watkins, John J.; Zhang, Bo; White, Henry S. J. Chem. Educ. 2005 82 712.
*  Keywords
 Analytical Chemistry; Diffusion; Electrochemistry; Electron Transport; Nanotechnology; Physical Chemistry
*  History
 Created:
Last Updated:		 March 28, 2005
April 15, 2005
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