|
|
| Home > JCE Print > Journal of Chemical Education > Issues >
2007
>
January
> |
|
In the Laboratory
|
|
|
|
Titration of a Solid Acid Monitored By X-Ray Diffraction
|
Keenan E. Dungey
Chemistry Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62794-9243
Paul Epstein
Glenwood High School, Chatham, IL 62629
|
|
January 2007
Vol. 84 No. 1
p. 122
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Abstract |
|
The solid state is becoming an increasingly important topic in the general chemistry curriculum due to the cultural impact of materials science and technology. Herein we present a solid-state laboratory experience to enhance the traditional aqueous acid–base titration experiment in the first-year undergraduate honors chemistry course or more advanced course. α-zirconium phosphate is a solid acid that can easily be prepared. In a cooperative titration experiment, each student pair reacts fixed amounts of zirconium phosphate with increasing equivalents of NaOH(aq). Upon reaction with sodium hydroxide, the acidic proton within the crystalline lattice of zirconium phosphate is replaced by the sodium ion. The progress of the reaction can be monitored with a pH meter and then a powder X-ray diffractometer. From the X-ray diffraction patterns, students calculate the interplanar spacings before and after the reaction. The spacings increase until the molar equivalence point is reached, indicating incorporation of the sodium ion into the crystal.
|
| Supplement |
Detailed student procedures, questions, and notes for the instructor, including comments on the experiment, representative data, answers to questions, an assessment handout, equipment and reagent lists, and hazard alerts, are available.
|
|
| More Information |
|
Citation |
Dungey, Keenan E.; Epstein, Paul. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 122.
|
|
Keywords |
Acid–Base Chemistry; Crystallography / Crystal Growth; General Chemistry; Inorganic Chemistry; Laboratory Instruction; Materials Science; Solid-State Chemistry; X-ray Crystallography
|
|
History |
Created:
Last Updated: |
12/5/2006
3/20/2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
 Caution! | | Experiments, laboratory exercises, lecture demonstrations, and other descriptions of the use of chemicals, apparatus, instruments, computers, and computer interfaces are presented in the Journal of Chemical Education as illustrative of new or improved ideas or concepts in chemistry instruction and are directed at qualified teachers. Although every effort is made to assure and encourage safe practices and safe use of chemicals, the Journal of Chemical Education cannot assume responsibility for uses made of its published materials. Many chemicals are hazardous. Precautions for the safe use of hazardous chemicals and directions for their proper disposal are described in the Material Safety Data Sheets and on the labels. We strongly urge all those planning to use materials from our pages to make choices and to develop procedures for laboratory and classroom safety in accordance with local needs and situations. |
|
|
| |
|
| Home > JCE Print > Journal of Chemical Education > Issues >
2007
>
January
> Page
122
|
|
|
| JCE HS CLIC |
|
Our Secondary School editors work hard to distill all the JCE materials to produce a fraction of particular interest to high school teachers. We call it CLIC.
|
| Contributions Welcome |
| JCE welcomes your submission |
| Advertisers |
| In recent years we have worked hard to better match our advertisers with our readers. When shopping for chemistry education materials, visit our advertisers' WWW sites first. |
| Be An Ambassador |
| Take JCE along on your outreach missions. Copies of the Journal, guest access to JCE Online, our publications catalog, and more are available for your participants. |
|
