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  Home > JCE Print > Journal of Chemical Education > Issues > 2007  > January  >
In the Laboratory
Chemical Speciation Analysis of Sports Drinks by Acid–Base Titrimetry and Ion Chromatography: A Challenging Beverage Formulation Project
Howard Drossman
Department of Chemistry, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903
Cover
January 2007
Vol. 84 No. 1
p. 124

Abstract
This article describes a three-part laboratory project that integrates a full chemical speciation analysis for use in undergraduate analytical chemistry classes. Laboratory analyses include base standardization, potentiometric or colorimetric titration, and ion chromatography. Potentiometric or colorimetric titration is used to analyze for citric acid, potassium hydrogen phosphate, and citrate while ion chromatography is used to analyze for chloride, phosphate, and total citrate in commercially available sports drinks and powders. The examples illustrated in the article include formulation analyses of Gatorade and Powerade liquid beverages. Determining the formulation of the beverage requires integrating theory with lab data through a detailed analysis of the chemical speciation of citrate and phosphate.
Supplement
Student instruction and report forms for the three parts, pointer spreadsheet calculations, and notes for the instructor are available.
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Citation
Drossman, Howard. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 124.
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Keywords
Acid–Base Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry; Food Science; Instrumental Methods; ion chromatography; Quantitative Analysis; Titration / Titrimetry
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History
Created:
Last Updated:
12/5/2006
3/20/2007
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