Efficient light-to-electrical energy conversion utilizing nanocrystalline TiO2 films modified with inorganic sensitizers is reviewed. The light absorbing sensitizers are Ru(II) polypyridyl compounds that possess metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited states. The basic features of the sensitized nanocrystalline solar cell are presented. An emphasis is placed on the molecular electron transfer processes that convert and inhibit the conversion of visible photons to an electrical current. New strategies for improving this technology and future research directions are also discussed.
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