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  Home > JCE Print > Journal of Chemical Education > Issues > 2008  > November  >
Research: Science and Education
Gas Nonideality at One Atmosphere Revealed Through Speed of Sound Measurements and Heat Capacity Determinations
Arthur M. Halpern and Allen Liu
Department of Chemistry, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809
Cover
November 2008
Vol. 85 No. 11
p. 1568
Abstract
Using an easy-to-make cylindrical resonator, students can measure the speed of sound in a gas, u, with sufficiently high precision (by locating standing-wave Lissajous patterns on an oscilloscope) to observe real gas properties at one atmosphere and 300 K. For CO2 and SF6, u is found to be 268.83 and 135.25 m s–1, respectively, versus their ideal-gas (zero-pressure) values of 270.15 and 136.67 m s–1. These differences arise from intermolecular interactions. It is shown that if the molar isobaric heat capacities, Cp, m, are calculated from the one atmosphere u values assuming perfect gas behavior, significant errors are produced. For CO2 and SF6 these errors are 2.7% and 25%, respectively. Experimental Cp, m values are compared with those obtained based on the equipartition theorem.
More Information
*
Citation
Halpern, Arthur M.; Liu, Allen. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1568.
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Keywords
Gases; Heat Capacity; Physical Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Upper-Division Undergraduate
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History
Created:
Last Updated:
9/19/2008
9/24/2008
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